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5 Sheets-Sheet 1.. W. FRAZER. OIL LAMP.

(No Model.)

FIGJ.

Patented Mar. 26, 1889.,

M w v N PETERS. Pnvw-Lkm her, Wnhington 0,0.

5 Sheets-Sheet 2,

(No Model.)

FRAZER.

OIL LAMP.

Patented M 26 INVENTOR m z IWH'NEISSES N. wnzns. PhMoLllbognphur. Washington. 0. a

(No Model.) I 5 Sheets-Sheet a.

W. FRAZER.

OIL LAMP. No. 400,320. Patented Mar. 26, 1889.

WITNESSES' INVENTOR 5 Sheets-Sheet .4. W. FRAZER.

(No Model.)

OIL LAMP.

Patented Mar. 26

WITNESSES NY PETERS. Pholwlflhognphor. Washington. D. c.

( No Model.)

v F I 6.18

WITH E5855 W. FRAZER.

OIL LAMP.

5 Sheets-Sheet 5.

Patented M01226, 1889.

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Flam,

INVENTOR UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

VVILLIAH FRAZER, OF LONDON, COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX, ENGLAND.

OIL-LAMP.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 400,320, dated March 26, 1889.

Application filed September 23, 1887- Serial No. 250,512. (No model.) Patented in England October 1, 1886, No. 12,458 in Belgium July 28,1887, No. 58,167; in France July 28, 188?,N0. 172,129, andin Germany August 22, 1887, No. 9,758-

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, WILLIAM FRAZER, a subject of the Queen of Great Britain, residing at London, in the county of Middlesex, England, engineer Riverdale House, Endymion Terrace, London, N., have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Oil-Lamps, (for which I have obtained the following patents: Great Britain, N 0. 12,458, dated October 1, 1886; Belgium, No. 58,167, dated July 28, 1887; France, No. 172,129, dated July 28,1887; Germany, No. R. P. 9,758, dated August 22, 1887 g) and I (19 hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, which form part of this specification.

My invention consists of the following improvements in lamps for the burning of volatile hydrocarbon and other like oils, and by which said improvements complete combustion is thereby attained and the illuminating power of the flame greatly increased. The lamp is made safe, as explosions are impossible, in consequence of being provided with automatic extinguisher appliances, which instantly put out the flame should the lamps erect position be changed, either by accident or by design. The oil-container is made a separate and independent chamber from the wick-receptacle, and only sufficient oil is admitted to the latter that is required to be burned, so that should the lamp by accident get knocked over no oil can escape or be spilled.

Figure 1 represents in longitudinal vertical section a lamp for the burning of light or volatile hydrocarbon oil constructed according to my invention. Fig. 2 represents the same in an inclined position and the light extinguished. Fig. 3 represents a vertical section of the said lamp, but taken at right angles to the sections, Figsl and 2, in order to exhibit the rods, attachments, and means whereby the internal sliding shutter is worked. Fig. 4 is a horizontal section on the dotted lines A B, Fig. 1, and Fig. 5 is an inverted plan upon the dotted lines 0 D, Fig. 1. Figs. 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16,17,17 18, and 18 are detached parts shown separately.

The same letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the several figures.

a is the body of the lamp, or a sheetrmetal inclosing-case, upon the upper part of which an oil container or reservoir, b, is situated. This oil-container forms, as it were, an outer jacket to the Wick-chamber c and axially-situated tube d, which tube (Z constitutes an airshaft or air-passage up the middle of the lamp, and through which air for supplying combustion to the burner is fed, and which said passage also serves as a means forthe keeping of the burner and contiguous parts surrounding the wick-chamber and burner cool, and thereby preventing volatilization of the oil by the conduction of heat from the burner to the container parts, which is common to lamps of l the ordinary kind. Arranged concentrically around the said air shaft or passage is a second tube, e, whose out-side part is formed with a slow-threaded screw for the raising and lowering of a secondary or upper wick or wicks, f, inclosed within an annular space or division formed between the outside of the airshaft tube and the inside of the externallywormed tube, and which latter tube is provided with toothed-like prongs 6 which pierce and secure the wick and compel it to travel with the said tube, which is made to rise and fall for the giving of more or less flame by exposing a greater or less superficial wick area to the burner part, and which said wicks are raised and lowered by a collar or internally screwed nut, g, which is embraced between the top outer casing, N, of the oil-container?) and the base or lower part, k of an outwardly-disposed concentric shield or tube, 72-.

The rising and falling or the feeding of the wick to the requisite height is accomplished by the simple screwing or the turning in one direction of the nut g, which gives the requisite traverse to the wick-carrying tube 6. This tube. is directed or guided vertically in its motion by forked snugs e sliding upon guides 0 6 moves within the upper part of the wickchamber 0, wherein the primary wick or Wicks 'i is or are disposed, and whose upper ends, 8, are made contiguous to come in contact or to overlap the lower ends of the wick or wicks The lower end of this last-named sliding tube f, so as to make the said wicks continuous in the raising of the oil by capillary attraction through them. The bottom of the wick-chamher 0, which is an annular or ring-like chamber, is provided at its bottom with ahole or valve-opening and seat, 0 wherein a conical plug-valve, j, carried by a rod, 7' and workin within the body of the lamp, fits, and it through this opening, bend, or trap that oil is admitted and flows from the container to the wick-chamber.

The wick-chamber c has upon one side, and

at a short distance above the VfllVG-OIJOlillll g the wick-extinguisher shutter out of its exand seat 0, a small hole, a, communicating with the oil container or reservoir Z). This hole determines the level of the oil in the wick chamber or tube. Thus the flow of oil. commences when the valve 7' is opened, and which said oil rises up within the wick-chant ber (3 until it reaches or rises to the height of the hole c", and no more, as the coverii'ig over of the hole by the liquid prevents air insinuating itself through the oil in the oil-containcr that is, on the hole being closed by the liquid no air can gain access to the inside top or interior oi the oil-container, since the oil-container has no orifice or opening by which air can enter; consequently the flow of all oil is stopped. \Vhen thelamp is burning, the consumption of oil keeps or allows the small hole 0 to remain sui'ticientl y open for the insinuation therethrough and through the liquid of sufficient air to create the necessary flow, so that a small portion of air thus admitted to the oilcontainer allows a constant How of oil to the wick-tube or wick-chamber. The flow of oil is therefore constant when the valveis open and the lamp burning, and isin proportion to the exact amount of oil to be burned, so that no more oil is admitted to the wick or wicks than is required to be immediatelyused. The valvc-stemj carries at its upper end a lever, j, fulerumed about its middle at j, and with its outer end, f, disposed immediately under a ga-pped or shouldered part of a pusherslide, 7t, working and sliding within a tube disposed through the oil-container, the lower end of which said pusher-slide carries an arm, is, directed toward the middle of the lamp and connected by a cross-arm, 71:", to the depending rods 7 7*, (see Fig. 3,) which carry at their upper extremities an extinguisher wickshutter, 7. This shutter, which is in the form of a short length of tubing, fits accurately within the tubing forming the air-shaft, and also works within and covers up (when in its extinguishing position) the inside top portion of the wick immediately below the flame-deflector m. This deflector, which is a combined deflector and extinguisher, consists of a circular disk of sheet metal mounted at or near the top of an open-ended tube, m extending axially about two-thirds the distance down the air-shaft. This tube is made bellmouthed at its bottom for collecting air, which is conveyed up thetubeinto the interior of the flame through the open. top end, and at the lower end of the said tube on a rod, in, is rigidly connected, having at its bottom a concd boss, 7H", with a sliglitly concaved or flat under side, m and at a short distance above the boss an iilwardly-disposed end, at, of a lever, m is connected, and which said lever is tulcru med from a hanger-bracket, a, situated on the under side of the oil-container. The outwardly-disposed end, on, of the operating-lever aforesaid takes within a gapped part, 7. of thelower end of the pusherslide 7r, so that on the pusher-slide being pressed down by its pusher hi it takes both tinguishin g position, and also raises the flamedeilector to its proper position for the burn- .ing of the lamp, so that the downward movement of the pusher-slide aforesaid gives contrary movements to the deflector and shutter by making them approach or recede from each. other for extinguishing and lighting; and, further, the downward movement also brings the concd boss at the end of the rod in its proper position with respect to the spike n carried by or within the middle or sunken part of the suspended weight n, and it is by means of this weight, which is suspended by chains 11? from the under side of the lampreservoir, that the lamp is made self-extinguishing should it get accidentally thrown over. The return movements of the parts on the pusher being liberated, or on the cone part being freed from the spike, either by the side movement of the weight (in case of accident.) or the pressing of the weight aside for extinguishing, are accomplished by a coiled spring, 0, encircling the rod. m and with the ends of the said spring secured to the under side of a bar crossing the bottom of the tube m and to a fixed crossbar, 0*, carried by the body of the lamp, respectively.

p is a pusher-rod working centrally within the pusher-slide and having at its bottom part an inclined toot-, and coiled spring 1). This pusher-rod is for the purpose of ordinary extinguishing, and is performed by making the foot end 1) push aside the weight n, as repre sented in the dotted lines, (see Fig. 1,) so as to remove the end of the spike n from under the concd boss mt, so as to allow the extinguisher parts to rise and fall, respectively,in manner and in ways already specified.

q is an ordinary burner-body with a circular burnei:--aperture, (1 and which said body and burner part surroumls the upper part of the air-shaft tube and extinguisher.

Within the air-shaft passage, and within, a short distance from the top thereof, an airdistributor, "r, is situated, as best seen in the separate views, section, and elevation, Figs. 8 and 0, consisting of an annular outer and inner ring, "I" "1' having radially disposed vanes or plates 0", situated between them, and which said plates or vanes, which are preferably disposed vertically and parallel, are for the purpose oi? evenly distributing the air bein fed up the shaft to the burner. Thus the upward air-current, which is irregular in its constitution, is made to impinge upon the vanes or edges of the plates aforesaid, so as to evenly break up into uniform layers the air fed, for combustion, and, moreover, the impetus of the air-current is also checked without lessening the body of air supplied. The volatilized oil or the gaseous products given off from the oil in tube 0 is allowed to escape through ventilator-holes s, which are situated at the top of the body of the lamp, which is a kind of top or supplementary covering, and between its under side and the top of the oil-container a non-conducting material, t-such as cork or the lik eis interposed. This interposition of a noneconductor isolates the principal metallic parts of the burner from the oil-reservoir and wick-chamber.

Then the lamp is required to be used, press downward the pusher is, when the pusherslide is lowered and the extinguisher parts taken out of action, and with the valve 7' removed from its seat a, so that oil can now flow from the oil-container into the wickchamber, so that when the lamp is in use it is in the position as represented in Fig. 1, with the wick) exposed a little above the top of the shield or tube h, and in order to increase or decrease the size of the flame it is only necessary to raise or lower the wick, which is done by turning the nut or collar g, when the wick-tube e, and wick with it, is raised or lowered accordingly.

To extinguish the lamp in the ordinary way, press vertically the pusher p by the button upon its top end, when the suspended weight 'n, which holds the extinguisher expedients in position, is pushed aside, which removes the top of the spike n from the underside of the coned boss m, thereby liberating the tube and rod m m carrying the flame-deflector m, and also liberating at the same time the slide and parts carried by it, which operates or presses upward the shutter Z to a position as represented in Fig. 3, so as to thereby inclose or box-up the wick in such a manner as to extinguish the lightthat is, the removal of the weight from a central position by the pusher aforesaid releases the extinguisher expedients, which are automatically operated by the coiled spring 0, which pulls downward the rod and parts carried by it, so as to bring the under side of the flame-deflector m upon the exposed burning top part of the wick. The said downward movement of the said rod m turns the lever m upon its center and presses upward the slide K. This upward motion of the said slide carries with it the arm 70 which is connected at its inner end to the shutter-hanging rods 1". Thus the combined motions, as aforesaid, respectively raise and lower the deflector and shutter in opposite directions, and when brought together they extinguish the flame by the boxing up of the inclosed top end of the Wick.

The act of extinguishing and the pressing upward of the slide also closes the valve j through the intervention of the lever j.

The automatic extinguishing by accident, instead of by design, on the upsetting of a lamp is eifected in the same manner as has been previously described, other than that the weight is removed from a central position by gravity, instead of by the pusher-rod that is, instantly the lamp becomes inclined the extinguisher-weight, not partaking of the motion of the said lamp, liberates the parts held in position by its turning aside, as fully represented in Fig. 2.

The oil-container is provided with vertical air-passages 6 for the purpose of keeping down the temperature of the oil contained within the said container, and which is best seen in Figs. 3, 4, and 5.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent- 1. In a lamp, the combination, with an oilreservoir entirely closed above the oil-level, of an annular wick-chamber communicating with said oil-reservoir below the level of the oil, and a supplementary cover to said oil-reservoir forming a space communicating with said wick-chamber and provided with a ventilating-opening, substantially as described.

2. In a lamp, the combination, with an oilreservoir, b, a central annular wick-chamber, c, and an intervening passage, 0 of a valve, j,radapted to close said passage, and mechanism, substantially as described, for operating the same, as set forth.

3. In a lamp, the combination, with extinguisher-plate m, tube m supporting said plate, and rod m connected to tube m of pivoted lever m connected to said rod, and slide it, connected with said lever and provided with pusher It, all substantially as described.

4. In a lamp, the combination, with defiector m, sliding tube m rod m spring 0, pivoted lever m and slide 70, of sliding shutter Z, rods Z Z and forked lever 70 connected to said rods 1 Z and to the slide it, substantially as described.

5. In a lamp, the combination, with deflector-plate m and tubes m m supporting said deflector, of suspended weight n, spike n projecting from said weight and supporting the tube m m sliding rod 19, and plate 19 the latter being arranged to contact with and displace said weight, thereby extinguishing the lamp, substantially as described.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing I have hereunto set my hand this 12th day of July, 1887. I

WILLIAM FRAZER.

Witnesses:

HENRY L. KERRETT, FRANK W. E. Bnrsrow,

Both of Birmingham. 

